The Dulay Mendoza Family of Spain and the Philippines

 Abstract:

        The Mendoza family came from a noble line in Spain. The principalia family in Marikina Valley in the Philippines is a sephardi jewish Mendoza which originated from Spain. The noble family of Tondo is known for marrying into different noble lines such as the Bolkiah of Brunei, the Doyley of the United Kingdom, the  Mendoza and Goiti of Spain, and the Uy Jaucian Li Chinese clan of Daraga Albay married into the Sumulong Berenguer de Marquina family -- as a way of preserving the Lakanate of Tondo. The lineage of the nobility of Tondo have been involved in heroism and some of treachery, such as the Sumuroy revolt involving the Romualdez and the suppression of native uprisings involving the Macapagal. The Macapagal shared the Tondo nobility with the Dulay and the Capulong through the lineage of Batang Dula, the eldest and heir apparent of Lakan Dula. Although a member of the Dulay family was married to a Tallano family who is claiming ownership of the  land title of the Hacienda Pilipinas covering the entire country which is known as Maharlika,  the Patriarch of the descendants of Lakan Dula, on the contrary, belongs to an extremely private and secretive cadet line Dulay Mendoza Family of Marikina Valley, Tondo, Northern Samar and La Union and they have a vision for a just, peaceful and prosperous country as a way of respect to  their ancestry.

Introduction

        The Mendoza family was a powerful line of Spanish nobles. Members of the family wielded considerable power, especially from the 14th to the 17th centuries in Castile. The family originated from the village of Mendoza in the province of Álava in the Basque countries, with the seigneury becoming part of the Kingdom of Castile during the reign of Alfonso XI (1312–1350). The Mendozas participated in Castilian politics afterward, with its scions becoming advisers, administrators, and clerics. Its different branches and names expanded out of its original nucleus in later centuries. The place-name and surname Mendoza stems from two Basque words: "mend(i)"+"oza", meaning 'cold mountain', with a dropped "i" in between. Álava is a hilly region with a core flat area (the Plains of Álava) bounded at the time by the kingdoms of Castile, and the Navarre in the 13th and 14th century. It had been loosely controlled by Navarre earlier, and retained its own distinctive customs and traditions. The town of Mendoza and the province of Álava itself was also a battlefield, where the clashing noble families of the area settled their disputes for generations. In

1332, the Mendozas had already been there for at least a century, struggling with the rival clans, such as the Ayala, Orozco, and Velasco. They traced themselves as a stem of the House of Haro, another powerful clan of the Basque countries. Once the Castilian Civil War came to an end with the triumph of Queen Isabella of Castile, the Basque inter clan warfare generally ended as well, but even way before, since the 14th century, the Mendoza were jostling for position and privilege in Castile, an expanding military power. By virtue of the Mendozas' status as knights and free men, they became Castilian nobility with Álava's annexation (hidalgos). All members of the noble class were knights, administrators, or lawyers, and served in the administration of the realm. The largest family's responsibility was to form and maintain a local army that could be made available if called by the king. The highest nobility became direct vassals of the king.During most of the reign of the Catholic Monarchs no serious conflicts arose between the nobles or crises occurred nationally able to test the cohesion of the family. Tendilla and cousins, separated from the main branch by the expansion of a

prolific family and geographic dispersion of their political careers, were delivered, every one by his side, to ensure success without further consideration to the family as a whole. When probate litigation generated, again, serious conflicts in Castile, Mendoza could not or would not act as a group, particularly Tendilla adopted positions against the rest of the family. In the atmosphere of crisis and rebellion that gripped Castile death of Isabella in 1504, the Mendoza family was forced to choose between their traditional political support for the Trastámara dynasty, whose last representative was Ferdinand, who had cemented the family's success in the past and set the new policy, or to support the new dynasty of Burgundy. The third Duke of the Infantry, the nominal head of Mendozas, and the constable, who actually ran the affairs of the family, favored the Burgundy. Tendilla preferred to keep the tradition. While Castile was under Trastámara government, its policy was successful, when it became clear that the dynasty would die out in Castile, the position taken by Tendilla proved detrimental to its political and material prosperity, preventing the family act together and weakening Mendoza efficiency of the whole (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Mendoza.)

 

        Marikina was once the Hacienda Sauza-Berenguer de Marquina (1809-1870), the land and home was formerly owned by Don Santiago Sauza y Delos Rios (1777-1880) and his wife Dona Ysabel Berenguer de Marquina y Sumulong (1790-1900). Moreover, Doña Ysabel Berenguer de Marquina y Sumulong (19 November 1790, Cagsawa, Daraga,  Albay, Philippines - 30 January 1900, Banwa, Batan, Aklan, Philippines) was the only daughter of Doña Demetria Sumulong y Lindo and of Señor Felix Berenguer de Marquina y FitzGerald, the former Governor General of the Philippines and from the Royal House of FitzGerald of Ireland (familiasauza).The surname Sumulong is one of the Lakan Dula descendants who settled in Jesus de la Pena together with Dumandan, Capangoy, Dulay, Gatdula and Gatlabayan. The group of families led by Sumulong, Gatdula and Gatlabayan "ay sumulong papuntang bundok ng Antipolo" from Jesus de la Pena using the present Sumulong Highway route, and from then on, that is the name that the Kingdom of Tondo called them. 

I-Witness of GMA TV Featured the 5th Patriarch of the Dulay Mendoza Clan of Marikina Valley

        This family who descended from Lakan Dula owned the Hacienda, but as to how it was acquired by the Tuason is still a historical mystery. The Tuasons are also relatives of the Sauza. There are wild stories that an adopted child of the Sauza sold the hacienda to the Tuasons. There are other stories that the hacienda was slowly squandered in a gambling called “panggingge” to the Tuasons. The most acknowledged version is that the Tuasons got the hacienda by force through political connections with the Spanish government.However, the first gobernadorcillo of Marikina is actually Don Benito Mendoza. An adventurous son of a Sephardic Jew Spanish couple, the young Benito left his brothers and sisters at the Lakanate of Lawan and tried his luck in Tondo. He was in love with a pretty daughter of high ranking maginoo family of the Kingdom of Tondo who decided to settle in Jesus de la Pena in the present Marikina Valley and later to Antipolo to escape the Spanish persecution of the native nobility. The lineage of that maginoo family of today carries the surname of Sumulong and Gatlabayan. Benito is the oldest of six siblings, and he inherited the headship of the native settlement in what is now called Jesus de la Pena in Marikina and was eventually appointed by the Kingdom of Spain as the first gobernadorcillo of Marikina Valley. According to a member of the Mendoza Clan of Marikina UP Professor Jaime Mendoza Caro, the following members of the Mendoza principalia clan has served Marikina in the following capacities:

The Origin of Mendoza Dulay Bloodline

1. Don Benito Mendoza, founding Gobernadorcillo 1787

2. Don Lucas Mendoza, Gobernadorcillo 1803

3. Don Mariano Mendoza, Alkalde 1843

4. Don Rufino Mendoza, Alkalde 1851

5. Don Isabelo Mendoza, Presidente 1910-1911

6. Eugenio Mendoza, Presidente, 1919-23

7. Osmundo De Guzmán (Mendoza), Mayor 1960-86

        The 1st Las Familias Unidas happened on 25 December 1850 at Hacienda Sauza-Berenguer de Marquina, Pueblo de Marikina (presently Marikina City), Provincia De Tondo, Las Islas Filipinas and the 91st Las Familias Unidas was held on 25 December 1941 hosted by Demetrio Sauza y Mendoza and wife Cornelia Palmos. Unlike the Mendoza’s where several streets are name today, Marikenyos are curious about where are the Sauzas of Marikina now. There seem to be some intermarriages between the Sauza and the Mendoza. The Sauza are said to be found in the present Barangays Sto. Nino and Sta. Elena in Marikina and in the vicinity of the oldest church of Marikina in Jesus de la Pena where the Lakan Dula descendants first settled but no street has been named after the family so far. The Mendozas on the other hand are found along the present location of Our Lady of the Abandoned Church where the first Church of Marikina in Jesus de la Pena was transferred. Several streets had been named after the family.  Intermarriages among the principalia families in Marikina and in Tondo are very much an old practice among native nobilities.

  

        References: https://familiasauza.webs.com/. Retrieved December 22, 2019 , http://fsbmc.yolasite.com/about-us.php. December 22, 2019

        Martín de Goiti (c. 1534 – 1575) was one of the soldiers who accompanied the Spanish colonization of the East Indies and the Pacific in 1565. From his base in Mexico City, he led the expedition to Manila ordered by Miguel López de Legazpi in 1569. He then engaged in battles against Rajah Sulayman, Rajah Matanda, and Lakandula of the kingdoms in Luzon in order to colonise the land.The Spaniards arrived in Luzon on May 8, 1570, and camped on the shores of Manila Bay for several weeks, while forming an alliance with the Muslims. On May 24, 1570, disputes and hostility erupted between the two groups. The Spaniards occupied the city of Tondo where they were greeted with thousands of warriors. There, they defeated most of Tariq Suleiman's (سليمان), Rajah Matanda's (ऋअज अतन्द), and Lakandula (王杜拉) people. The Spaniards marched their armies towards the Pasig River, and occupied the settlements in Manila on June 6, 1570 and burned them.Guerrilla warfare

broke out following the battle, which continued for about ten months. The Spaniards fortified themselves in the area and constructed their military barracks of Fort Santiago, which became their outpost for trade with Mexico. The Spaniards gained control of the settlements on June 24, 1571, after the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi in Manila, who agreed to a peace agreement sealed by betrothing one of his half-caste (Half Aztec and Half Spanish) daughters to Batang Dula, heir apparent of Lakan Dula. Eventually their descendants unified the 3 royal houses of Tariq Suleiman, Rajah Matanda and Lakan Dula with the half-Aztec and half Spanish de Goiti family. The Dula y Goiti family married with the Mendoza family who were Catholic Sephardic Hebrews and to mark the dynasty, changed the surname to Dulay. However, upon the commencement of persecutions the Dulay family's descendants changed their surnames even further and thus we have the Salonga and Macapagal families that are known descendants of these royal houses but subsist under a different family name.The Spanish colonization paved the way for the establishment of Manila as a permanent settlement and capital city of the Spanish East Indies. He later explored Pampanga, Pangasinan and founded several Spanish cities in Luzon between the periods of 1571 -1573. De Goiti, along with other soldiers were granted with haciendas (estates) for the lands they had conquered, by Philip II of Spain.In 1574, De Goiti fought in the war during the invasion of about 3,000 Chinese sea pirates who had sailed from the South China sea. Their leader, Limahong, besieged on the Spanish settlements in Manila. De Goiti was killed by these pirates. Most of the Spanish reinforcements came from Vigan and Cebu. Martín de Goiti's second in command, Juan de Salcedo left Ilocos Sur, after hearing the news and traveled to Manila where he discovered their settlements had been ceded to the pirates. Salcedo's forces

attacked and drove the pirates out of Manila. Limahong and his fleets retreated to Pangasinan where they reorganized their forces. In 1575, Salcedo's army marched north to Pangasinan, in pursuit of the pirates, and besieged them for three months ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_de_Goiti )

         

The Tioco family was a very rich and generous family from Old Tondo. They owned numerous fishing boats in Tondo and Malabon. Siblings Balbino Tioco and Romana Tioco were illustrious citizens and famous Tondo benefactors of the 19th century. Balbino’s son Maximiano was kidnapped in the late 19th century and ransomed for 3 “kaings” of gold. Maximiano was married to a spanish mestiza Marciana Félix (same Félix family as Joji Félix Velarde and Conchita Félix wife of Felipe Calderón of the Malolos Constitution). Maximiano married Teodorica Ylo (The Cabangis family are also descended from the Ylo’s) They bore 5 children, Nemesio, Salvador, “Beot”, Guadalupe (married to Don Eduardo Barretto), Consuelo (married to Dr Rufino Mendoza, son of Don Isabelo Mendoza de Villablanca, a direct descendant of the spaniard Don Benito Mendoza, first gobernadorcillo of Mariquina in 1787. Benito’s great granddaughter Juana Mendoza Cerbito married Ceferino Dulay, a patriarch of the Rajah Lakandula/Dulay clan. Long after the family had left Old Tondo for the plush villages of Makati 

and other parts of Manila, there remains Calle Romana* in honor of Romana Tioco, and Calle Tioco* in honor of Balbino and Romana, two personages of the same family in gratitude for their inexhaustible generosity to Tondo. (J.Antonio Mendoza y González said onJune 27, 2010*Daluyan : A Historical Dictionary of the Streets of Manila, Printed by NHI. https://remembranceofthingsawry.wordpress.com /2010/06/ 01/ the-families-of-old-tondo/ retrieved on May 30, 2019)

 

         With a letter from the Kingdom of Spain, the 5th hereditary patriarch of the Dulay Mendoza Clan of Marikina Valley was anointed  by the Sto, Nino de Tondo Church  as the Patriarch of the House of Dula of the Lakanate of Tondo. The Sto. Nino de Tondo Church plays a significant role in the restoration of the Philippine nobility because it was the Palace of Lakan Bunao Dula, the last King of the Kingdom  of Tondo. The 5th Patriarch of the Dulay Mendoza Clan of Marikina Valley was inducted as the Grand Patriarch  of the  Principalia Hereditary Council of the Philippines. This is the ruling council of several ancient royal houses and principalia families in the Philippines. The council is involve in several advocacies and activities like the rebellion sports (Kali/Arnis), Baybayin, Kundiman, Tinalak, Dine with the Ancestors Ritual, "Sumpa ni Lakan Dula", Ophir, Lakanate of Lawan research, Indigenous Filipinos, Recovery of Doctrina Cristiana, Bagong Bagani Awards, 35th Sultan of Sulu and Sabah, Annual Pilgrimage to Sto Nino de Tondo and some other specific concerns brought to their attention, like the objections of the people of San Francisco del Monte to change their street to FPJ but they are supportive of changing the Roosevelt Avenue instead.

      

 The Reigning Patriarch of the House of Lakan Dula of Tondo

 

A Romualdez were in the Sumuroy Revolt

        Daniel Zialcita Romualdez (September 11, 1907 – March 22, 1965) was a Filipino politician who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1957 to 1962. Daniel "Danieling" Romualdez was born in Tolosa, Leyte. His father, Miguel, once served as an assemblyman for Leyte and mayor of the city of Manila. His great-grandfather was involved in the Sumuroy Revolt but narrowly escaped Spanish execution when he was allowed by David Dula to visit his ailing mother. Dula and his seven trusted men were later executed in Palapag, Northern Samar and were buried in unmarked graves without Roman Catholic rites. Superstitions existed that a Romualdez was to die that day in Palapag. More than fifty years later, Philippine Supreme Court Associate Justice Norberto Romuáldez, Danieling's famous uncle and the man who made their surname distinguished in society, would suddenly die of a heart attack in Palapag, hometown of his second wife Beatriz, daughter of the parish priest Fray Salustiano Buz, who insisted on campaigning at the grassroots level for the Philippine Senate elections when he was almost guaranteed to win on account of his nationwide reputation. Source: https://ipfs.io › ipfs › wiki › Daniel_Romualdez . Retrieved August 10, 2019

         Macapagal (rare variant: Makapagal) is a Filipino surname derived from the Kapampangan language.The family claims noble descent from Dola de Goiti Dula, a legitimate grandchild of Lakan Dula, the last "王" or King of Tondo "東都" (Dongdu). It is the only known branch of the Seludong's royal family to have survived the Majapahit Empire's invasion, the Sultanate of Brunei's pogrom against native royals, Chinese warlord Limahong's massacres, and the fallout from the Tondo Conspiracy. The family survived due to Martin de Goiti's giving of his Mestiza (Half Aztec and Half-Spanish) daughter in marriage to Batang Dula, the eldest son of Lakan Bunao Dula of the Lakanate of Tondo. As time went on, they incorporated the descendants from the two other royal houses: the house of Rajah Matanda (ऋअज ंअतन्द) and the house of Tariq Suleiman (سليمان).The family then migrated to Pampanga and Northern Samar after the Spanish assumed control of Manila

The family then migrated to Pampanga and Northern Samar after the Spanish assumed control of Manila.

The following are people possessing the Macapagal surname:

• Don Juan Macapagal (d. 1683), former prince of Tondo and first documented bearer of the surname. Great-grandson of Lakandula
• Lazaro Macapagal (c. 1860s), officer of the revolutionary army during the Philippine Revolution. Commanding officer ordered to execute Andrés Bonifacio
• Diosdado Macapagal (1910-1997), 9th President of the Philippines
  • Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (born 1947), daughter of Diosdado Macapagal; 14th President of the Philippines
    • Mikey Macapagal Arroyo (born 1969), son of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo; served as representative and vice governor of Pampanga
    • Diosdado Macapagal Arroyo (born 1974), son of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo; served as representative of Camarines Sur
• Maan Macapagal, television news reporter
• Mark Macapagal (born 1979), professional basketball player

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macapagal)

A Grandson of Lakan Dula died a Hero, Another Grandson ended as a Traitor

      A grandson of Lakan Dula, a mestizo by the name of David Dula y Goiti, escaped the persecution of the descendants of Lakan Dula by settling in Isla de Batag, Northern Samar and settled in a place now called Candawid. He was imprisoned by Spanish soldiers in Palapag and was executed together with several followers. They were charged of treason with planning to attack the Spanish settlement.

     The current David Dulay descendants are the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Petre, Hilario father of Eleuterio Dulay, Sr. of Laoang, N. Samar and a mayor for more than 20 years during the Marcos Regime died of heart ailment. The other descendants are those carrying the surname Dula related to Councilor Rufo Dula. Wishing to avoid the persecution experienced by his latter ancestors, Lakan Dula’s great grandson Juan Macapagal aided the Spanish authorities in suppressing the 1660 Kapampangan revolt of Francisco Maniago and the Pangasinan revolt of Andrés Malong and the 1661 Ilocano revolt. The Ilocano revolt was headed by warrior tribes from Eastern Pangasinan, the Nozuelo and Moreno clans.Because of his service to the Spanish crown, the Spanish authorities revived the special privileges offered by the Spanish crown to Lakan Dula and his descendants spread across the province of Pampanga. A Gremio de Lakandulas was created in 1758 to protect the privileges of the Kapampangan descendants of Lakandula.During the British occupation of Manila in 1762-1764, the descendants of Lakan Dula, now located in the province of Pampanga, formed a group of volunteers to fight the British and were granted autonomy by Governor General Simón de Anda y Salazar.

Source:

Enrique Bustos said on June 27, 2010 at 8:40 am

https://remembranceofthingsawry.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/the-families-of-old-binondo-manila/ retrieved May 30, 2019

The Dulay Mendoza Clan  envisions a just, peaceful and prosperous country as a way of respect to our ancestors.......

Atty. Sofronio Dulay ll 

Notary Public 

Associate, Andres Padernal and Paras Law Offices 

8th Floor, Sagittarius Office Condominium 111 H. V. Dela Costa St., Salcedo Village, Barangay Bel - Air, Makati City, 1209 

Tel. (632)8553-0889; Fax. (632) 834-7910 Cel. 0917 - 5689085 E-mail: scd@applawoffices.com  Website: www.applawoffices.com

    Attorney Sofronio Dulay ll -- Esdee as he is called by his friends -- as a kid was a sacristan at the Shrine of the Our Lady of the Abandoned in Marikina from elementary up to the end of high school. He became a member of the San Roque Inter Barangay Basketball Team and was later elected as SK Kagawad. He went to an all boys school in his native Marikina, Marist, and became a varsity player. He was chosen to represent his section in the Search for Mr. Marist and was chosen as the Prom King in their graduation ball. He entered the University of the Philippines and was elected Councilor of the UP NCPAG Student Council and Vice Chairman of the Upsilon Sigma Phi. He was the captain ball of the NCPAG Basketball Team. He entered the UP College of Law and represented the school in a debating team that won the national championship. He represented the Philippines in an international debate competition with special award. He was the  captain ball of the UP College of Law Basketball Team, and vice chair of the college of law debaters union. He passed the bar with a grade of 94% in Commercial Law. He joined the Makati - based law firm of his fraternity brother in the Upsilon Sigma Phi as a trial lawyer and has been assigned in some sensational cases. As the "eldest son of the eldest son of the clan", he is the 6th hereditary patriarch of the Dulay Mendoza Clan of Marikina Valley and the House of Lakan Dula of Tondo. He is still a young bachelor.

The Principalia Hereditary Council of the Philippines (Principalia Council)

Abstract:

        The Principalia Council is the organization of families in the Philippines who descended from the ancient native nobilities of the country. The council is composed of patriarch from eight royal houses of the country with the hereditary heir of Lakan Dula as the Grand Patriarch in respect  to the ancient role of the last king of Tondo as the paramount ruler. This article shows the history of the council, the  vision and mission, plans and several traditional activities and organizational dynamics within the council. The article also shows the list of recognized principalia families in the country that are updated from time to time.

Who are the Principalia Families of the Philippines?

        The Principalia families  of the Philippines are the descendants of the prehispanic  lakan, sultan, datu, rajah, hadi of the different ancient prosperous native settlements all over the country that were eventually recognized by the Kingdom of Spain as part of the their royal administration in the country. This could be a result of the informal alliance between Lakan Bunao Dula of the Lakanate of Tondo with the Kingdom of Spain. Among the agreement of the Lakanate of Tondo and the Kingdom of Spain are : there will be no more armed conflict between the two kingdoms, the native hereditary leaders will be allowed to use their ancient surnames, they will be free from paying taxes, and  they will be appointed as gobernadorcillos of their  own settlements. As a gesture of this diplomatic alliance between the Kingdom of Spain and the Lakanate of Tondo, Batang Dula, the eldest son and heir apparent of Lakan Bunao Dula  and Senorita Goiti were betrothed and the palace of Lakan Bunao Dula, will be  under  the protection and maintenance of the Kingdom of Spain. Later, the palace was converted into a dormitory and eventually, a church was built on it. It is now known as the Sto. Nino Church of Tondo. According  Re. Fr. Lito Villegas of the Church of Sto. Nino de Tondo, with the death of Lakan Bunao Dula, the Sto. Nino became  the "Spiritual head of the Kingdom Tondo with children of Lakan Bunao led by his eldest son and heir apparent Batang Dula acting as the regents of the native kingdom. In the later part of the nation's  history, the Philippine Revolution against the Kingdom of Spain will eventually be led by natives of Tondo, Andres Bonifacio and Macario Sakay. When the Philippine Revolutionary Government was hoodwinked  by both the Americans  and the Kingdom of Spain through the Treaty of Paris, the revolutionary government led by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo filed a formal protest against the treaty and in their protest letter, they mentioned that the sovereignty and mandate of the revolutionary government was derived from the Lakanate of Tondo's mandate of Lakan Bunao Dula.

    The recognition of the rights and privileges of the Filipino Principalía as equivalent to those of the Hidalgos of Castile appears to facilitate entrance of Filipino nobles into institutions under the Spanish Crown, either civil or religious, which required proofs of nobility. However, such approximation may not be entirely correct since in reality, although the principales were vassals of the Spanish Crown, their rights as sovereign in their former dominions were guaranteed by the Laws of the Indies, more particularly the Royal Decree of Philip II of 11 June 1594, which Charles II confirmed for the purpose stated above, in order to satisfy the requirements of the existing laws in the Peninsula.

    From the beginning of the Spanish colonial period, the conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi retained the hereditary rights of the local ancient sovereigns of the Archipelago who vowed allegiance to the Spanish Crown. Many of them accepted the Catholic religion and became Spanish allies at this time. He only demanded from these local rulers vassalage to the Spanish Crown,^[am] replacing the similar overlordship, which previously existed in a few cases, e.g., Sultanate of Brunei's overlordship of the Kingdom of Maynila. Other independent polities, which were not vassals to other States, e.g., Confederation of Madja-as and the Rajahnate of Cebu, were de facto Protectorates/Suzerainties having had alliances with the Spanish Crown before the Kingdom took total control of most parts of the Archipelago.^{[15](p33)[25](p4)}

    A question remains after the cessation of Spanish rule in the Philippines regarding any remaining rank equivalency of Filipino Principalía. Reassuming their ancestral titles as Datus while retaining the Hidalguía of Castile (their former protector state), as subsidiary title, is the logical consequence of the above-mentioned recognition by Charles II of Spain. As guaranteed by this Spanish Monarch's Royal Decree, the ancient nobility of the casiques within his realm (which includes the Filipino Principales) "is still retained and acknowledged".^[12](p235)

    Besides, the principales retained many of the ordinary obligations of local rulers as manifested in constructing local infrastructures and in maintaining the government offices without funds from Spain. Expenditures of the local government came from the private and personal resources of the principales.^{[1](p326)[19](p294)} These were not taxes that citizens were obliged to pay as tributes required by their Spanish Crown from its subjects.^[g] In many ways, the principales retained much of the responsibilities, powers and obligations of the pre-colonial Datus — their predecessors, except for the right to organize their own armed forces. Only the right of Gobernadorcillos to appoint alguacils and "cuadrilleros" (police patrol or assistance) seem to point out to some kind of vestige of this pre-colonial sign of the Datu's coercive power and responsibility to defend his domain.

    Like deposed royal families elsewhere in the world, which continue to claim hereditary rights as pretenders to the former thrones of their ancestors, the descendants of the Principalía have similar de jure claims to the historical domains of their forebears.

History of the Principalia Council

   Lakan Dula was the most prolific of Luzon's ancient rulers. His descendants are spread out all across the Kapampangan Region during the Spanish colonial era.[3] He fathered at least seven children, namely, the eldest son Batang Dula; the brave Magat Salamat, the Datu of Tondo; the priest Martin Lakan Dula; the childless Don Dionisio Capulong, the Datu of Candaba; Don Phelipe Salonga, the Datu of Pulu; the pretty Maria Poloin, and the mysterious Luis Taclocmao . Batang Dula has three children: David, Daba and Dola. They were hidden in different places within sea routes and given vast tract of lands, farm workers, and armed followers. The plantation given to David was named Kandawid, the one given to Daba was now known as Kandaba and that of Dola is known as Kandola in San Luis Pampanga.Kan is an ancient tagalog word for owned. The well-known descendants of Dola are the Macapagal of Lubao through Carlos Lacandola. The descendants of Daba are the Capulong of Candaba and their relatives are the Gatbontons. The descendants of David Dula y Goiti are the Dulay of Candawid, Isla de Batang, Laoang, Northern Samar, and in Samara, Aringay in La Union. There are other descendants of Lakan Dula such as those who descended from his other children. It is still a historical mystery why only the eldest son, and another child carried the regnal royal surname Dula. The rest adopted a different native sounding surnames (Carating, 2014, p.36).

    Source: Carating, R. R., Galanta, R.G., Bacatio, C.D.(2014). The Soils of the Philippines. New York City: Springer Science and Business  

    The descendants of Lakan Dula has been spearheaded by the lineage of Batang Dula, through the cadet line of David Dula y Goiti where the

The Hereditary Patriarch of the House of Dula is the Grand Patriarch of the Principalia Council

Dulay Tribe all over the country emerged.  They are recognized  by the organizations of  indigenous Filipinos headed by Rajah Julian Canonoy and other datu as well as principalia families, royal families from Sarawak, articles, blogs, heritage websites, and historians - - as the cadet line of the Lakanate of Tondo. The descendants of Lakan Dula which is headed by the 5th hereditary leader of the Dulay Mendoza Clan of Marikina , through their foundation, Ceferino Dulay Memorial Foundation, Inc. (CDM Foundation)  has been doing  advocacies and projects such as 1. Animal Shelter, 2. Marikina News, 3. Pro - Poor Projects (Feeding Program, Outreach, and Gift Giving), 4. Baybayin, Arnis and Kundiman Revival, 5. Lakanate of Tondo, Royal Houses and Principalia Families, 6. Descendants of Lakan Dula, 7. Sumpa ni Lakan Dula, 8. Indigenous tribal groups in the Philippines and 9. Dine with the Ancestors. The CDM Foundation was organized by the elders of the Dulay Tribe among them was Simon Dulay Sr. of Laoang, Northern Samar in honor of the lineage of the eldest son Ceferino Rivas Dulay, the 4th hereditary leader of Dulay Mendoza Clan of Marikina Valley. The Presidency of the foundation is now with the eldest son and legal heir of Ceferino who is known as the 5th hereditary leader of the clan. A circle of advocates on specialized fields were involved in the projects: Pastor Jay Enage, founder of Baybayin Buhayin, Inc., 

Samuel Bambit Dulay for arnis, Arjhay Laurea for Kundiman and the family of the late national artist Lang Dulay for tinalak. The  leader of the descendants  of Lakan Dula had been interviewed by bloggers, I - Juander  of GMA, different students and I -Witness of GMA, etc;  and the House of Dulay Mendoza has been a favorite venue for films and documentaries. One of the those who took notice of the activities of the descendants of Lakan Dula was a Fil American from New York representing the Wangdom of Ma-I in Bulalacao Mindoro. He wrote a letter to the  head of the House of Dula and an informal alliance between the Lakanate of Tondo and Wangdom of Ma-I was discussed in principle to support the  existing projects and advocacies. The alliance embarked on a US Mission to Recover Doctrina Cristiana now kept by the US Library of Congress which was coordinated with the Office of the President, National Historical Commission and the Department of Foreign Affairs. The people behind the God's Culture in YouTube  visited the House of Dula for a Dine with the Ancestors Ritual Havilah Version. A principalia who is a high ranking Filipino priest and papal official based  in Vatican City in Rome later participated in the visioning of an organization of the principalia families in the Philippines which in essence became the foundation of the council. In a meeting between the patriarch of the House of Dula and the parish priest of the Sto. Nino de Tondo, a pilgrimage of Lakan Dula descendants to Tondo was discussed and the necessity of formalizing the Principalia Council was deemed as historical priority. 

        The patriarch and matriarch of the different royal houses  close to the House of Dula constituted the members of the council, namely; House of Dula, House of Magat Salamat, House of Capulong, House of Gatbunton, House of Gatchalian, House of Sumakwel, House of Tupas Humabon, House of Cabailo of the Kingdom of Palawan and the House of Lapu Lapu. These patriarchs and matriarchs meets in a secret  place in the old palace of the ancient Kingdom of Tondo (now the Sto. Nino de Tondo Church) to do the Dine with the Ancestors Ritual during the birthdate of the Lakan Bunao Dula and in celebration also of the 500 years of Christianity in the Philippines.

The Vision - Mission, Plans and Organization of the Principalia Council

    The council is envisioning of  a Philippines that is corrupt - free, united, prosperous  and  respects its own history. This vision can be attained through a mission: headed  by a stable hereditary council based in the seat of the ancient Lakanate of Tondo, there will be a national organization of principalia families from all over the country who will serve as one of the national institutions that influence public opinions and national governance against corruption, initiate and advocate nationally relevant patriotic projects, work for the unity and sense of patriotism among Filipinos all over the world and champion a pro - Filipino interpretation of Philippine history. The council will honor the timeline of the pre - hispanic history, the list of pre-colonial Philippine royalty of the post classical era and the early modern period;  and  the norms and traditions of the Council of the Principalia.

Pre-colonial Philippine royalty of the Postclassical Era and the early modern period             

Royalty of Luzon	Magayon | Lam-ang | Jayadewa | Kasumuran | Ganashakti | Bisruta | Namwaran | Angkatan | Bukah Urduja
Lakans, Datus and Rajahs of Tondo	Jayadewa | Pangil |Timamanukum | Suko | Lontok–Kalangitan | Lakan Dula | Magat Salamat |Agustin de Legazpi |Batang Dula
Rajahs of Maynila	Ahmad | Lontok | Salalila | Ache "Matanda" | Rajah Sulayman
Lakans of Namayan	Tagkan | Palaba | Laboy | Kalamayin | Martin
Lakans, Datus and Rajahs of Lawan (Waray)	Datu Hadi Iberein | Datu Ete | Sava | Duma | Kahipus | Yumanaw | Sebaste | Benyamin | Esteban | Petre
Datus of the Madja-as (Ilongo)	Puti | Sumakwel | Bangkaya | Balengkaka | Kalantiaw | Manduyog | Padojinog | Kabnayag |Lubay |Paiburong
Datus and Rajahs of Cebu (Cebuano)	Daya | Sri Lumay | Alho | Ukob | Bantug | Parang | Humabon | Tupas | Katuna | Lapu-Lapu | Zula
Rajahs of Butuan	Kiling | Bata | Shaja | Siagu | Kolambu
Sultans of Maguindanao	Kabungsuwan | Maka-alang | Saripada | Bangkaya | Dimasangcay Adel | Gugu Sarikula | Laut Buisan | Kudarat
Sultans of Sulu	Sharif ul-Hāshim | Kamal ud-Din | Ala ud-Din | Amir ul-Umara | Muizz ul-Mutawadi-in | Nasir ud-Din I |Muhammad ul-Halim | Batarah Shah Tengah | Muwallil Wasit I | Nasir ud-Din II | Salah ud-Din | Ali Shah | Azim ud-Din I | Bantilan Muizz ud-Din | Azim ud-Din II

Source: National Historical Institute, 1964. Any proposed addition to the list should be communicated to the Principalia Council for further historical study and approval.

 The timeline of the pre - hispanic history

Based on the Principalia Theory of Austronesian Inter Migration, the Rhinoceros man, Dawn man and Callao man existed in the ancient Philippines (Ophir) as early as 709, 000; 250,000 and 65,000 years ago respectively.

1800 BC – Ancient Lawan Pacific Settlement (Ophir, the homeland of                                              Asians,  Polynesians and Austronesian peoples)

1000 BC - Igorot Society (CAR)
601 AD - Chiefdoms of Zabag and Wak-Wak (Pampanga and Aparri
800 AD - Namayan (Mandaluyong, Sta. Ana Manila)
900 AD - Tondo (Tondo, Manila)
971 AD - Huangdom of Ma-i
1176 AD - Kingdom of Tondo 
1200 AD - Rajahnate of Cebu, Madjas-as Confederation, Dapitan, Butuan
1252 AD - Lupah Sug (Sulu)
1376 AD - Bruneian Empire
1408 AD - Caboloan Vassal State of Ming China (Pangasinan)
1430 AD - Sultanate of Sulu
1450 AD - Kingdom of Tondo reached its peak with the largest territory in the archipelago
1470 AD - Namayan became a vassal state of Tondo
1492 AD - Kingdom of Taytay (Palawan)
1499 AD - Brunei conquered Ma-i and Sulu
1500 AD - Brunei conquered Tondo's Manila territory and established the puppet Kingdom of Maynila
1501 AD - Maguindanao established
1502 AD - Brunei totally took-over Tondo which lost its territories up north of Luzon.
1521 AD - Magellan reaches the Philippines & is killed by Lapu-Lapu in the battle of Mactan
1522 AD - Maranao established
1532 AD - Lanao established
1564 AD - Sultanate of Ternate established, Spain conquered Cebu
1567 AD - Datu Pagbuaya established
1573 AD - Spain conquered Madjas-As and Tondo
1577 AD - Spain conquered Caboloan

         During the WWll, Philippine President Manuel L.Quezon, a native of the Pacific side of the Philippines within the influence of the ancient Lakanate of Lawan (Ophir), saved more than thousand Jews from Europe to be butchered by the Nazis by accepting them into the Philippines and settling them in his properties in Marikina Valley....and the rest is history...

The Royal Houses that Comprise the Council of the Principalia

Prof. Sofronio Dulay | The House of Lakan Dula of the Lakanate of Tondo

Dr. Delmar Taclibon  | The House of Magat Salamat of the Lakanate of Tondo

Dr. Cecille Cayetano  | The House of Capulong of the Lakanate of Tondo

Jy Macam | The House of Gatbonton of the Lakanate of Tondo

Corazon Siya | The House of Sumakwel of the Madja-as Confederation

Rajah. Julian Canonoy | The House of Lapu Lapu of the Rajahnate of Mactan

Andrew Miranda | The House of Gatchalian of the Lakanate of Tondo

Rajah Junbert Guigayuma | The House of Tupas Humabon of the Lakanate of Cebu

Apo Remedios Cabate-Cabral | House of Cabailo of the Kingdom of Palawan

Rev. Fr. Lito Villegas | Spiritual Adviser, Principalia Council | Parish Priest, Sto. Nino de Tondo

The Philippine Catholic Church Formally installed the Regents of the Principalia Hereditary Council of the Philippines in a conservative Catholic Rite in the Sto. Nino de Tondo, the ancient Palace of the Last King of Tondo, Lakan Bunao Dula

       The Church and state has always been in constant friction in the Philippines despite the fact that even the Bible says that give unto Caesar what is to Caesar, and give unto God what is to God. In Cebu, the Philippine Government is celebrating the 500 years anniversary of the Victory of Mactan, where the native royalty of Lapu Lapu defeated the forces of the Kingdom of Spain led by Magellan. On the side of the Roman Catholic Church, they are celebrating the 500 years of Catholic faith in the Philippines. But somewhere in the seat of the Kingdom of Tondo in Manila, the unity of the church and state is being celebrated today, December 15, 2019, on the occasion of the anniversary of the baptismal of the last King of Tondo, Lakan Bunao Dula into the Catholic faith, the Church installed the Grand Patriarch and his Council of the Principalia Hereditary Council of the Philippines, an association of the descendants of Lakan Dula represented by the Patriarch of the three Royal Houses, namely; the Prof. Sofronio Dulay of the House of Dula as the Hereditary Grand Patriarch, Patriarch Dr. Delmar Taclibon of the House of Magat Salamat and Matriarch Corazon Siya of the House of Sumakwel of the Madja-as Confederation as members of his Council. Other patriarchs and matriarchs of the native royal houses may also be inducted into the council in the future  namely; Dr. Julian Canonoy of the House of Lapu Lapu, Dr. Cecille Cayetano of the House of Capulong, Andrew Miranda of the House of Gatchalian and Jy Macam of the House of Gatbonton.

          The Sto. Nino de Tondo Church is the ancient Palace of the Lakan Bunao Dula, the last King of Tondo before the Philippines was totally subjugated

by the Kingdom of Spain. The Church in - house historian by the name Jr. Susi, who was also interviewed by broadcaster Maan Macapagal in a national TV, I - Witness, retold the history of the ancient palace and the Church during the Dine with the Ancestors Ritual of the Principalia Hereditary Council before the installation of the Grand Patriarch and his Council. Susi mentioned historian Nick Joaquin’s writings that with the death of Lakan Dula, the Kingdom can never be surrendered to the Kingdom of Spain but instead left to the care of the Sto. Nino de Tondo, a symbolism that the native Kingdom was never been captured and humiliated by any other Kingdom. Prior to that, Lakan Bunao Dula was baptized as Lakan Carlos Bunao Dula, in honor of the King of Spain. The circumstances why the Palace became the property of the Catholic Church was not yet clear historically but a priest in the Church said that as per oral accounts, the children of Lakan Bunao Dula led by his eldest son and heir apparent Batang Dula donated the Palace to the Church with the hope that it will become the Church of Sto. Nino de Tondo. Apparently, the Catholic hierarchy gave several tracts of hacienda to the descendants in exchange for the palace – some of these are found in Candaba and Candola in Pampanga and Candawid in Northern Samar.      

         The installation of the Grand Patriarch and his Council started with a short meeting and the Dine with the Ancestors Ritual in a secret chamber of the the Sto Nino de Tondo Church. The “Dine with the Ancestors Ritual” has been a tradition of the descendants of Lakan Dula at the House of Dulay Mendoza in Marikina Valley for so many years. The ritual includes dining of grapes placed in two 16^th century plates that were part of the Lakan Dula household, bottles of red wine whose names are hard to pronounce, beside an old bayonet used by Ceferino Rivas Dulay, the 4^th hereditary leader of the Dulay Clan of Marikina, while he was still a guerilla fighting the Japanese forces, and a candle being lighted in a classic lamp given by a friend to the House of Dulay Mendoza. When the group of Timothy (who decided to change his name to Pedro during the ritual) of the You Tube’s God Culture fame visited the House, they requested for a Havilah Version of the Dine with the Ancestors Ritual which included a tour at the OLA Church, Shoe Museum, Kapitan Moy and in the nearby tomb of the Jewish – blooded wife of the clan leader Ceferino -- Juana Mendoza Cerbito.

 After the Dine with the Ancestors Ritual, a former Parish Priest of EDSA Shrine Rev. Father Arnel Calata, Jr. who was assigned to Sto. Nino de Tondo 6 months ago,  and the principales  proceeded to the mass and the three principales where given the front seat in the mass traditionally reserved for the Lay Minister of the Holy Eucharist. In the mass, Fr. Calata cited the history of the Sto. Nino de Tondo being the ancient Palace of Lakan Bunao Dula, and introduced to the devotees the three Lakan Dula descendants one by one, amidst clapping of hands  from the mass attendees. Fr.Calata also mentioned that in that day’s special anniversary of Lakan Dula’s baptismal to the Catholic Faith, Grand Patriarch Dulay representing the House of Dula, Patriarch Taclibon of the House of Magat Salamat and Matriarch Corazon Siya of the House of Sumakwel of the Madja – as  Confederation will be officially installed as the regents of the Principalia Hereditary Council of the Philippines. The three were requested to offer the mass: Dulay carried the body of Christ (Holy bread), Taclibon carried the blood of Christ (holy wine) and the Matriarch 

Corazon Siya 

and Arlene Uy Corral carried the envelopes containing the money donations to the Church from the House of Magat Salamat and House of Dula respectively. After the mass, the three hereditary leaders were led into the secret chamber of the Church for the formal induction. A Church blessing citing verses from the Bible, and furthermore, Fr. Calata blessed the three regents with the Holy Water for a successful stewardship of the council. The Dine with the Ancestors Ritual was continued in the chamber, this time with the presence of Bambit Dulay and his wife, a world renowned arnis guro, and selected residents of Tondo who ware direct descendants of Lakan Bunao Dula, mostly relatives of barangay Kagawads and a retired city hall employee. The descendants and the parish staff of Sto. Nino de Tondo dined in a sumptuous merienda, drinks, grapes and red wine. The event was covered exclusively by Kalinangan TV of Rjhay Laurea for You Tube audiences and were posted at the FB groups and pages like Rajahnate of Metro Manila, Maharlika, Dulay Tribe, Marikina News, House of Capulong, Descendants of Lakan Dula, KAANAK NG MGA BAYANI, KATIPUNERO AT REBOLUSYONARYO and many others FB groups and websites related to the ancient native royalties and principalia families in the Philippines.

     

Alphabetical List of Well - Known Principalia Families in the Philippines

I-Witness of GMA Features Prof Sofronio Dulay of the Lakanate of Tondo

Aballe of Bogo Cebu

Adrian of Donsol Sorsogon

Aguinaldo of Kawit Cavite

Alcazar of Argao Cebu

Alzate of Bucay Abra

Andal of Mindoro

Aricayos of Tuy Batangas

Arrozal of San Fernando Pampanga

Balderas-Baviera of Banate Iloilo

Ballesteros of Salapsap Pangasinan

Base of Malitbog Southern Leyte

The Kingdom of Lakan Dula and Prof. Toti Dulay was featured by I-Juander of GMA

Baylon of Alaminos Pangasinan

Buaya of Carles Iloilo

Cahupa of Nagcarlan Laguna

Capulong of Pampanga

Casilao of Batangas City

Catigbac of Lipa City Batangas

Conlu of Victorias City Negros Occidental

Contreras of Mindoro

De Castro of Baliuag Bulacan

De Castro of Magallanes Sorsogon

De Los Reyes of Bauang La Union

De los Santos of Bacolod City

De Ocampo of Guimba Ecija

Dimabiling of Indang Cavite

Dulay/Dula of Tondo, Marikina, Samar and La Union

Dumandan of Marikina

Durias of Jimenez Misamis Occidental

Eduarte of Dolores Abra

Elias of Sorsogon City

Fernandez of Talisay City Cebu

Gallanosa of Sta. Magdalena Sorsogon

Gatbonton of Pampanga

Gatchalian of Bulacan

Jakosalem of Dumanjug Cebu

Kahupa of Liliw Laguna

Kiram of Sulo

Lopez of Iloilo

Lucero of Argao Cebu

Macapagal of Pampanga

Magbitac of Angono Rizal

Magdami of Tiaong Quezon

Makaraeg of Villasis Pangasinan

Marcos of Tagbilaran Bohol

Masigan of Cabagan Isabela

Melegrito of Gerona Tarlac

Mendoza of Marikina and Samar

Mercado of Binan Laguna

Miguel of Tarlac City

Miranda of Angeles City Pampanga

Mojica of Cavite

Monaksa of Silang Cavite

Morales of Rosario Batangas

Munoz of Nueva Ecija

Ninofranco of Ternate Cavite

Pangalilingan of Cuyapo Pangasinan

Pascasio of San Antonio Zambales

Poblador of Zarraga Iloilo

Punungbayan of Calaca Batangas

Quiaoit of Batac Ilocos Norte

Quilangit of Silay City Negros

Rafael of Ibaan Batangas

Ramo of Corella Bohol

Rodrigo of Malolos Bulacan

Salonga of Rizal

Salamat of Bulacan

Santiago of Pasig

Sauza of Marikina

Soliman of Pampanga

Sta. Ana of Cainta and Pasig

Sumulong of Antipolo

Timbang of Las Pinas

Udtohan of Sogod Cebu

Valenzuela of Barasoain Bulacan

Valmonte of Gapan Nueva Ecija

Ventura of Dinagat Surigao del Norte

Villas of Antequera Bohol

Vinoya of Vintar Ilocos Norte

Note: The first gobernadorcillos of every towns and cities of the the Philippines are the probable principalia of the locality because they are the transition from native kingdom to the Spanish administration.

The Philippine Government Supports the Initiative of the Principalia Council to Recover the Doctrina Cristiana from the US Library of Congress

The Historical Friendship of the Kingdom of Spain and the Lakanate of Tondo